邢唷 > 9 ; 6 7 8 欹 q` 鳵 駭 bjbjqPqP : : 螴 4 # # # 8 "$ $ L 汧 R % : H% H% H% H% ) ) ) 嶥 怐 怐 怐 怐 怐 怐 鞩 h UL 怐 4 p) t) @ 4 4 怐 H% H% ( UF D D D 4 n H% H% 嶥 D 4 嶥 D D D H% % K # ? D 嶥 kF 0 汧 D 鏛 C 鏛 D 鏛 D ) P+ & D v, b- , ) ) ) 怐 怐 睠 X ) ) ) 汧 4 4 4 4 # d # G a s e o u s A r g o n l`)l G e n e r a l 俰饛 G a s e o u s a r g o n i s t a s t e l e s s , c o l o r l e s s , o d o r l e s s , n o n c o r r o s i v e , a n d n o n f l a m m a b l e . A r g o n b e l o n g s t o t h e f a m i l y o f r a r e i n e r t g a s e s . I t i s t h e m o s t p l e n t i f u l o f t h e r a r e g a s e s m a k i n g u p a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 % o f t h e e a r t h s a t m o s p h e r e . I t i s m o n a t o m i c a n d e x t r e m e l y i n e r t , f o r m i n g n o k n o w n c h e m i c a l c o m p o u n d s . l`)l鄀sT鄀r鄀臮鄀P亐'` N颯胵0)l^\嶯 z g餪'`lSO禰蟚0僛/f g0N蘙剉 z glSO`S0Wtzzl剉1 % 0僛/fUS烻P[乬 N;m黮 g騗鍂剉STir0 S p e c i a l m a t e r i a l s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e n o t r e q u i r e d t o p r e v e n t c o r r o s i o n . V e s s e l s a n d p i p i n g s h o u l d b e d e s i g n e d t o A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r s ( A S M E ) o r D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( D O T ) c o d e s f o r t h e p r e s s u r e s a n d t e m p e r a t u r e s i n v o l v e d . N亯Blyr妅剉鷁Pgeg2朾kP亐0筟hV孴S慃|邁亯9hnc鴙sQ剉婼汻孴)n cgq齎:g癶錧z^OSOA S M E b愯D O T 剉膲歔eg緥0 A r g o n m a y b e c o m p r e s s e d i n t o c y l i n d e r s b y w a t e r or oil-lubricated compressors or by dry compression systems. To determine the amount of argon in a cylinder, use the appropriate pressure and temperature capacity chart for a specific size cylinder. (The higher the pressure, the larger the amount of argon in the container.) )l颯錘O(u4lb筶裯剉婼):gbr^婼)鹼邁婼)蹚鰐0亯nx歔鰐剉)l筟蠎鵞嶯yr歔:\鳾剉鰐O(uT悇v婼汻孴)n筟蠎h0婼汻妽'Y筟hV剉)l筟蠎妽'Y M a n u f a c t u r e u A r g o n i s p r o d u c e d b y a n a i r s e p a r a t i o n u n i t ( A S U ) t h r o u g h t h e l i q u e f a c t i o n o f a t m o s p h e r i c a i r a n d s e p a r a t i o n o f t h e a r g o n b y c o n t i n u o u s c r y o g e n i c d i s t i l l a t i o n . T h e a r g o n i s t h e n r e m o v e d a s a c r y o g e n i c l i q u i d . )l剉uO(uzzlR粂艌nA S U 惽'Yl剉瞞S孴迯韣NO)n竸彊R粂鶴)l0彇T)l\O:NNO)n瞞SO袕搹0 T h e A S U m a n u f a c t u r i n g p r o c e s s b e g i n s w i t h a m a i n a i r c o m p r e s s o r a n d e n d s a t t h e o u t p u t o f t h e p r o d u c t s t o r a g e t a n k s . A i r i s c o m p r e s s e d a n d s e n t t h r o u g h a c l e a n - u p system where moisture, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons are removed. The air then passes through heat exchangers where it is cooled to cryogenic temperature. The air then enters a high pressure distillation column where it is physically separated into a gaseous form of nitrogen at the top of the column and a liquid form of 揷rude oxygen (~90%) at the bottom. ASU u菑z蜰 N*N;NlAm婼):g _薡罷≒X[P剉搹鶴T觺_g0zzl惽 N*N籗d枂N4l竸}l0孨'lS硏孴硏"lSTir剉nm鹼邁婼)孴搹袕0@wzzl惽忢pbchV稱tS0RNO)n0彇Tzzl蹚eQ貧婼R聢竸彊TXR粂bl`.l孴 烻薡 瞞'l+T'Y9 0 % 剉'l .l竸l(W竸彊TXv樿瞞'l(W竸彊TX昢钀0 A r g o n i s t h e m a j o r c o n t a m i n a n t i n t h i s c r u d e o x y g e n , w h i c h i s t h e n s e n t t o a l o w - p r e s s u r e d i s t i l l a t i o n c o l u m n w h e r e t h e oxygen is purified. The argon-rich waste stream from the low pressure column is sent to an argon distillation column. Some argon technologies distill the argon directly to its final manufacturing purity, while others utilize a separate step to purify it, for example, hydrogen deoxo. Purified argon is stored as a liquid in storage tanks at the site. )l/f烻薡'l-N g'Y剉Bg(0@w奲烻薡瞞'l0RNO婼R聢竸彊TX繯S0蜰NO婼TXAm鶴剉蘙)l焇ir珗0R)lR聢竸彊TX0術汵)lb/g魐奲)l竸彊0R g葉剉u瘇vQ僛b/g菓(uR粂剉ekeg繯S僛嫿俌"l1'l0繯S剉)l錘瞞`b__≒X[(W皊:W剉≒X[P0 U s e s (u A r g o n s e r v e s a s a s h i e l d i n g g a s t o p r o t e c t m e t a l s f r o m o x i d a t i o n d u r i n g w e l d i n g . I n e r t g a s w e l d i n g i s t h e p r e f e r r e d m e t h o d o f j o i n i n g s e v e r a l f e r r o u s a n d n o n f e r r o u s a l l o y s . q-N)l\O:N軴l2朾k褢^\'lS0餪'`lSO q/f迯郠蛓+T翑孴 N+T翑剉T褢剉枡 惞e誰0 T h e m e t a l s a n d s e m i c o n d u c t o r m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s e m p l o y a r g o n a s a p u r g e o r i n e r t i n g g a s i n f u r n a c e s , o r o t h e r p r o c e s s i n g s t e p s . I n s o m e i n s t a n c e s , l i q u i d a r g o n i s i n t r o d u c e d a n d t h e n v a p o r i z e d o v e r t h e s u r f a c e o f v o l a t i l e o r r e a c t i v e m o l t e n m e t a l s t o s i g n i f i c a n t l y r e d u c e o x i d a t i o n a n d / o r v o l a t i l i t y u s i n g a n i n e r t b l a n k e t o f g a s . 褢^\孴JS黐SO錧N(W攓塸匭奲)l\O:N繯Sb餪'`lSO0(W術汵臽礠N_eQ瞞`)l僛竸裇(W%c裇irb;m黮剉攓S褢^\h坆\O:N餪'`剉lSO 飇P[ 'Y'Y0W螿NO哊'lS孴/ b%c裇0 H i g h - v o l ume flow rates of argon are introduced via specialized lances or 搕uyeres in a variety of melting and refining processes. The argon typically acts as a 搒hroud gas to provide protection to the tuyere. It also promotes removal of impurities and/or dissolved gases in several refining processes. (W笅Y攓S孴緗紁菑z-N惽弝r妅剉稶b熚樸S_eQ'Y蠎貧Am)l0)l;N亯\O:N唹講lSO鵞熚樸S衏汷軴0(W郠蛓緗紁菑z-N僛貜肙蹚哊Bg(nd枌T/ blSO剉粂ce0 A r g o n i s a l s o w i d e l y u s e d i n t h e l i g h t i n g i n d u s t r y f o r f i l l i n g b u l b s a n d i n c o m b i n a t i o n w i t h o t h e r r a r e g a s e s f o r s p e c i a l c o l o r e f f e c t s . )l貜(Wgqf錧N梍0R哊^踠擽(ukXEQop醠錘蔛TvQ僛 z glSO Nw(u嶯穬梍yr妅剉湗r侶e済0 H e a l t h E f f e c t s 鵞eP穅剉q_蚑 S i n c e a r g o n i s o d o r l e s s , c o l o r l e s s , t a s t e l e s s , a n d n o n - i r r i t a t i n g , i t h a s n o w a r n i n g p r o p e r t i e s . H u m a n s p o s s e s s n o s e n s e s t h a t c a n d e t e c t t h e p r e s e n c e o f a r g o n . A r g o n i s n o n - t o x i c a n d i n e r t . I t c a n a c t a s a s i m p l e a s p h y x i a n t b y d i s p lacing the oxygen in air to levels below that required to support life. Inhalation of argon in excessive amounts can cause dizziness, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness, and death. Death may result from errors in judgment, confusion, or loss of consciousness, which prevents self rescue. At low oxygen concentrations, unconsciousness and death may occur in seconds and without warning. Personnel, including rescue workers, should not enter areas where the oxygen concentration is below19.5%, unless provided w i t h a s e l f - c o n t a i n e d b r e a t h i n g a p p a r a t u s ( S C B A ) o r a i r l i n e r e s p i r a t o r . 1u嶯鄀臮0鄀r0鄀sT0鄀:R纎'`)l gf婮T'`yr乢0篘{| g齹YKm0R)l剉X[(W剉榌齹0)l鄀襨N N;m黮0惽徶S鉔zzl-N剉'lOKNNM0R魚cu}T@b臺{槃v4ls^錘N僛颯錘b:N{US剉抸o`ir0菑蠎8TeQ)lO黐魜)wUf0v`胈0UTT01Y籗鍂蓧孴{k0{k颯齹eg恘嶯曪媱v$R璭0緗^y鱩qNb;朾k哊陙Qe剉1Y籗鍂蓧0(WNO'lSm臽礠Na茓 Nn孴{kO(W郠襶煍匭裇uN gf婮T0d朸Y g陙馷_|T8ThVS C B A bzzl|T8ThV鸑UO篘S靊Qe鬰篘XT龕 N齹蹚eQ'lSmNO嶯1 9 . 5 % 剉:S遅0 F o r m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n o n o x y g e n - d e f i c i e n t a t m o s p h e r e s c o n s u l t A i r P r o d u c t s S a f e t y g r a m - 1 7 , D a n g e r s o f O x y g e n - D e f i c i e n t A t m o s p h e r e s . 亯梍0RsQ嶯:'l'Yl剉鬴Y酧o`鮦耂A i r P r o d u c t s 剉塠hQz廭- 1 7 :'l'Yl剉qSi 0 C o n t a i n e r s 筟hV A r g o n i s s h ipped and stored in high-pressure cylinders, tubes, or tube trailers depending upon the quantity required by the user. Containers are designed and manufactured according to applicable codes and specifications for the pressure sand temperatures involved. The quantity of product a container can hold is determined by its water capacity and pressure rating. 9hnc(u7b亯Bl剉蠎O(u貧婼鰐0SbS愔bf廵g袕搹孴≒X[)l0鰐剉緥孴6R /f cgq鴙擽剉婼汻孴)n@b(u剉誰膲孴膲0筟hV剉罷筟蠎 g僛剉4l筟飝孴潣歔婼汻eg砆歔0 C y l i n d e r s 鰐 C y l i n d e r s a r e m a n u f a c t u r e d a c c o r d i n g t o D O T r e g u l a t i o n s , w h i c h s p e c i f y t h e m a t e r i a l o f c o n s t r u c t i o n , m e t h o d o f m a n u f a c t u r e , t e s t i n g , a n d w h a t p r o d u c t s t h e y a r e permitted to be filled with, as well as other details. A cylinder is a hollow tube with a closed concave base that permits it to stand upright. The opposite end is tapered to a small opening, threaded to accommodate the installation of a valve. A threaded neck ring is attached to the tapered end to allow a protective cylinder cap to be installed. Cylinders may be used individually or in groups. When used in groups, the cylinders should be piped together, for stationary storage or to form portable banks. 鰐剉6R 悵Ogq愯悇v膲歔鍕膲歔c歔哊鷁Pg06R 悓TKm諎筫誰0AQ笅kXEQ剉罷錘蔛vQ僛苸倐0鰐/f-Nzz剉S\頃剉昢钀/f鵔eQ剉購7h颯錘魐藌w峞g0鍿 N飠/f%昩_ _鉙f g簢箏錘縊塠艌 栬0%暥rv橈z艌 g&^簢箏剉垬痵颯錘塠艌軴'`剉鰐=^0鰐颯錘US*NbbO(u0bO(u鰁鰐亯(uS愞彞c0R Nw峔O:N鶹歔≒X[揯bb_b鹹≧≒X[揯0 T u b e s S T u b e s a r e m a n u f a c t u r e d a c c o r d i n g t o D O T r e g u l a t i o n s o r t o A S M E c o d e s d e p e n d i n g o n whether they are used for transportation or mounted permanently at a site. Tubes are generally mounted on a truck-trailer chassis or railcar bed or placed at stationary locations when large amounts of argon are needed. A tube is a pipe that is tapered on both ends. Each end is threaded to allow the installation of valves, connections, or relief devices. 9hncS/f(u嶯袕搹b8lEN塠艌(W術Y cgqD O T 剉膲歔bA S M E 剉膲歔6R 悺{S0S N,/f塠艌(W謆f彆^豽b gh廸彆^ NbS_ 梺'Y蠎)l鰁>en(W鶹歔MOn0S$N飠/f%昩_0蟢 N飠龕f g簢箏錘塠艌 栬04Yb螿婼艌n0 V a l v e C o n n e c t i o n s 栬暐c4Y T h e C o m p r e s s e d G a s A s s o c i a t i o n ( C G A ) r e c o m m e n d s t h r e e d i f f e r e n t c o n n e c t i o n s f o r a r g o n d e p e n d i n g o n t h e p r e s s u r e o f t h e c o n t a i n e r . 9hnc筟hV剉婼汻婼)lSOOSOC G A ╟P儐N N蛓 NT剉4Y0 T a b l e 1 : C o m p r e s s e d A r g o n P h y s i c a l a n d C h e m i c a l P r o p e r t i e s h1 婼))l剉irt孴Sf['`( C h e m i c a l F o r m u l a RP[_ A r M o l e c u l a r W e i g h t RP[蠎 3 9 . 9 5 B o i l i n g P o i n t 竘筽 @ 1 a t m 3 0 2 . 6 F ( 1 8 5 . 9 C ) F r e e z i n g P o i n t 軶鶹筽 @ 1 a t m 3 0 8 . 8 F ( 1 8 9 . 4 C ) C r i t i c a l T e m p e r a t u r e 4NLu)n 1 8 8 . 4 F ( 1 2 2 . 4 C ) C r i t i c a l P r e s s u r e 4NLu婼汻 7 0 5 . 8 p s i a ( 4 8 . 0 a t m ) D e n s i t y 芠, L i q u i d 瞞SO, @ B P , 1 a t m 8 7 . 4 0 l b / s c f D e n s i t y 芠, G a s lSO @ 6 8 F ( 2 0 C ) , 1 a t m 0 . 1 0 3 4 l b / s c f S p e c i f i c G r a v i t y 詋蛻, G a s lSO ( a i r zzl= 1 ) @ 6 8 F ( 2 0 C ) , 1 a t m 1 . 3 8 S p e c i f i c G r a v i t y 詋蛻, L i q u i d ( w a t e r 4l= 1 ) @ 6 8 F ( 2 0 C ) , 1 a t m 1 . 4 0 S p e c i f i c V o l u m e 詋筟 @ 6 8 F ( 2 0 C ) , 1 a t m 9 . 6 8 s c f / l b L a t e n t H e a t o f V a p o r i z a t i o n }lS\oO韕 2 8 0 4 B t u / l b m o l e E x p a n s i o n R a t i o ▉紘噑, L i q u i d t o G a s 瞞SO0RlSO, B P t o 6 8 F ( 2 0 C ) 1 t o 8 4 0 F i g . 2 A t y p i c a l t u b e c o n t a i n e r s y s t e m f o r b u l k a r g o n N*N(u嶯'Y蠎)l剉xQ媁剉S惞[hV鹼邁. I n a d d i t i o n , a h i g h - i n t e g r i t y c o n n e c t i o n a l s o k n o w n a s a D i a m e t e r I n d e x S a f e t y S y s t e m ( D I S S ) c o n n e c t i o n h a s b e e n a s s i g n e d t o a r g o n . C y l i n d e r s c o n t a i n i n g a r g o n a t p r e s s u r e s u p t o 3 0 0 0 p s i g u s e a C G A 5 8 0 c o n nection; cylinders with pressures between 3001 and 5500 psig use the CGA 680 connection; and cylinders with pressures between 5501 and 7500 psig use a CGA 677 connection. The DISS connection assigned to argon is 718. For detailed drawings of these connections, consult CGA抯 Pamphlet V-1.For general drawings consult the Air Products Specialty Gases and Equipment Catalog. 鍿Yc歔哊 N蛓珗饄:N魐刜cpe塠hQ鹼邁D I S S 剉貧孾te'`4Y(u嶯)l剉O(u0)l剉婼汻(W3 0 0 0 p s i g 錘N剉鰐O(uC G A 5 8 0 4Y婼汻(W3 0 0 1 0R5 5 0 0 p s i g KN魰剉鰐O(uC G A 6 8 0 4Y婼汻(W5 5 0 1 0R7 5 0 0 p s i g KN魰剉鰐O(uC G A 6 7 7 4Y0c歔賬)l剉D I S S 4Y/fD I S S 7 1 8 0亯梍0R購汵4Y剉鎷苸竳颯錘耂C G A Kb孮V - 1 0亯梍0RI凗V颯錘耂A i r P r o d u c t s 剉 yr蛓lSO孴艌n顅U_ 0 P r e s s u r e - R e l i e f D e v i c e s 螿婼艌n A r g o n c o n tainers are equipped with pressure-relief devices to protect from over pressurization. Argon cylinders less than 65 long use a frangible disk device. Cylinders over 65 use a combination device consisting of a frangible disk backed by a fusible alloy. Combination devices require that both the temperature and pressure requirements be reached before the device will relieve. For more on pressure-relief devices, see Air Products Safetygram-15,揅ylinder Pressure-Relief Devices. )l筟hV艌Y g螿婼艌n錘縊(W菑婼鰁軴筟hV0暒^\嶯6 5 駛鳾剉)l鰐O(uf巟豽艌n0'Y嶯6 5 駛鳾剉鰐O(u1uTb/f颯攓T褢剉f巟豽膥b剉膥T艌n0膥T艌n亯Bl(W艌n螿婼MR)n孴婼汻龕緩0R亯Bl0亯哊銐sQ嶯螿婼艌n剉鬴Y臽礠颯錘耂A i r P r o d u c t s 剉塠hQz廭- 1 5 鰐螿婼艌n 0 C o n t a i n e r S t a m p i n g s 鰐剉pS皨 E a c h c y l i n d e r o r t u b e i s i d e n t i f i e d b y s t a m p i n g s i n t h e m e t a l o f t h e s h o u l d e r . F i g . 3 s h o w s t h e s e s t a m p i n g s a n d t h e i r m e a n i n g s . 颯錘惽彥钀褢^\ N剉pS皨egt+R蟢 N*N鰐bS03 蟘饛哊 N*NpS皨剉嫿P[孴僛霳剉+TIN0 S h i p m e n t o f G a s e o u s A r g o n l`)l剉袕搹 A l l s h i p m e n t s o f c o m p r e s s e d a r g o n m u s t c o m p l y w i t h t h e D O T C o d e o f F e d e r a l R e g u l a t i o n s , T i t l e 4 9 . T h i s a p p l i e s t o m o t o r f r e i g h t , r a i l , air, and water shipments. For air shipments, all packages must also comply with International Air Transport Association/International Civil Air Organization (IATA/ICAO) Dangerous Goods Regulations. Water vessel shipments must also be prepared in accordance with International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations. All packaging used to transport argon must be either 揢N/DOT Specification or 揢N/DOT Authorized and in proper condition for transport. 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T)l鴙T鹼剉qSi/f抸o`孴(W筟hV孴鹼邁虘剉貧婼0 I f o x y g e n - d e f i c i e n t a t m o s p h e r e s a r e s u s p e c t e d o r c a n o c c u r , u s e o x y g e n m o n i t o r i n g e q u i p m e n t t o t e s t f o r o x y g e n - d e f i c i e n t a t m o s p h e r e s . R e v i e w t h e a p p r o p r i a t e M a t e r i a l S a f e t y D a t a S h e e t ( M S D S ) . 俌済 `憉zzl-N:'lb:'l颯齹裇uO(u'l纇Km緥YegKm諎:'lzzl0颯錘轛~ NNT悇vPg檈塠hQpenchM S D S 0 B u i l d i n g s 鷁Q{ir P r o v i d e a d e q u a t e v e n t i l a t i o n i n a r e a s u s i n g a r g o n . P r o v i d e m o n i t o r i n g $ 2 8 ( * < x R n t i j ^ N 鬁談坺垪坺坺垪▓棬蘦台棬棬棬棬棬椞輔 #h籈 5丆J KH OJ QJ \乤J o(h籈 CJ KH OJ QJ aJ h籈 CJ KH OJ QJ aJ o(!h籈 CJ KH OJ QJ ^J aJ o(h籈 CJ KH OJ QJ ^J aJ 'h籈 5丆J KH OJ QJ \乛J aJ o($h籈 5丆J KH OJ QJ \乛J aJ !h籈 CJ&